The tundra swan
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Tundra swans (Cygnus
columbianus) are large, graceful birds easily
identified by their stark white feathers and black bills. They
are so named because they spend their summers in
the tundra regions of Alaska and Canada. Tundra
swans primarily feed on aquatic vegetation found in shallow
water.
Social
and reproductive aspects
Tundra swans form strong, permanent, monogamous relationships.
During the brief Arctic spring, breeding females build their nests out of sedge and
moss, lining them with down to insulate their eggs from the cold.
They usually lay from 4 to 6 creamy white eggs, which they incubate
for 35 to 40 days.
In
the fall, large numbers of tundra swans migrate from the Arctic to North
Carolina and other locales along the Atlantic Coast.
They fly in flocks of several hundred, making mellow bugling calls to
each other. Tundra swans make many stops along their migration route. Two major
stopping points are the
Great Lakes and the Niagara River, where some unfortunate swans get too close to the brink
of the falls and are swept over it to their deaths.
Predators
The closely related trumpeter swan (Cygnus buccinator) of the west
coast nearly became extinct because of hunting and loss of habitat due
to human encroachment. Tundra
swans have escaped this fate because they breed in remote areas that are
free from human contact.
Video
Download
video footage of a large flock of swans in flight. (13
seconds)
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this video.
References
Special thanks to the National Audubon Society.
Whitfield, Philip. 1998. The Simon & Schuster Encyclopedia of Animals. Simon & Schuster Editions, New York.
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